MEMES –
FREE TOPIC
A meme
is an idea, behavior, or style that spreads from person to person within a
culture—often with the aim of conveying a particular phenomenon,theme, or
meaning represented by the meme. A meme acts as a unit for
carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices, that can be
transmitted from one mind to another through writing, speech, gestures,
rituals, or other imitable phenomena with a mimicked theme. Supporters of the
concept regard memes as cultural analogues to genes in that they
self-replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures.
Proponents
theorize that memes are a viral phenomenon that may evolve by natural
selection in a manner analogous to that of biological evolution. Memes do this
through the processes of variation, mutation, competition,
and inheritance, each of which influences a meme's reproductive success.
Memes spread through the behavior that they generate in their hosts. Memes
that propagate less prolifically may become extinct, while
others may survive, spread, and (for better or for worse) mutate. Memes that
replicate most effectively enjoy more success, and some may replicate
effectively even when they prove to be detrimental to the welfare of their
hosts.
A field of
study called memetics arose in the 1990s to explore the concepts and
transmission of memes in terms of an evolutionary model. Criticism from a
variety of fronts has challenged the notion that academic study can examine
memes empirically. However, developments in neuroimaging may
make empirical study possible. Some commentators in the social
sciences question the idea that one can meaningfully categorize culture in
terms of discrete units, and are especially critical of the biological nature
of the theory's underpinnings. Others have argued that this use of the
term is the result of a misunderstanding of the original proposal
The
word meme is a neologism coined by Richard
Dawkins. It originated from Dawkins' 1976 book The Selfish Gene.
Dawkins's own position is somewhat ambiguous: he welcomed N. K. Humphrey's
suggestion that "memes should be considered as living structures, not just
metaphorically" and proposed to regard memes as "physically
residing in the brain". Later, he argued that his original
intentions, presumably before his approval of Humphrey's opinion, had been
simpler.